This literature review examines the intricate relationship between music prediction and its emotional influence on depression. Drawing on theoretical frameworks such as predictive coding and empirical evidence from neuroimaging, psychophysiological studies, and clinical trials, the review explores how the brain's anticipation and processing of musical cues evoke emotional responses. Foundational work and recent advances underscore the role of hierarchical predictive networks in modulating emotional experiences during music listening. In healthy individuals, the balance between predictability and surprise—especially as influenced by rhythmic complexity and cultural learning—creates a rich palette of emotional reactions. In contrast, individuals with depression often exhibit distorted predictive processes, characterized by overly rigid and negatively biased expectations, which may reinforce depressive cognitions and emotional dysregulation. Music-based interventions, as evidenced by systematic reviews, have shown promise in alleviating depressive symptoms by engaging both psychological and physiological pathways. However, gaps remain—particularly regarding the impact of violated musical predictions on emotional processing in depression. Future research integrating neuroimaging and psychophysiological measures is essential to better understand these mechanisms and to optimize music-based therapeutic strategies. This review thus highlights both the potential and current limitations of leveraging music’s predictive properties for improving mental health outcomes in depression.

In recent years, as people's standard of living rises, the need for meat and dairy products has increased greatly. From the perspective of antibiotic residues, it may be not a promising trend. Excess antibiotics can be accumulated through the food chain and finally become a threat to human health and the environment. Thus the detection and supervision of antibiotics residues play an important role in sustainable development. Also, the problem of antibiotic resistance has been increasingly serious nowadays. Before antibiotics were invented, there were many outbreaks caused by bacteria such as the Black Death, the Plague, and Anthrax. During that time, plenty of people died of bacterial infection, which has become an indelible wound in the history of mankind. Similarly, if pathogenic bacteria develop extensive antibiotic resistance, human health will be at great risk. Finding the right approaches to detect pathogen resistance is crucial. However, existing methods such as liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry are unable to meet the rapidly growing demand for swift and efficient detection. Raman spectroscopy, a non-destructive and non-contact method, can provide rapid information on the chemical structure, physical form, crystallinity and intermolecular interactions of the sample under test. Owing to these specificities, this method is valuable for purely qualitative analyses, highly quantitative analyses and molecular structure determination like antibiotic residues and antibiotic resistance detection. Together with artificial intelligence(AI) like machine learning, Raman spectroscopy will be used more widely.

Type 2 diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), as the highest incidence of diabetes mellitus, has brought great troubles to many patients, seriously affecting their physical and mental health. Due to the characteristics of long-term management, existing treatment schemes are complicated to operate and difficult to maintain. New therapeutic means using probiotics to improve intestinal flora may become the key to break through this difficulty. This article briefly describes the symptoms of T2DM and the relationship between intestinal flora and probiotics, summarizes the evidence-based evidence on probiotics in the treatment of T2DM in recent years, and summarizes the related mechanisms and potential functions of probiotics in the therapy on T2DM. The agenda of this scrutiny is to supply a theoretical foundation to support the management of other chronic diseases, encourage the development of more efficient methods for the therapy of type 2 diabetes, and fully utilize the abilities of probiotics in this area.

This paper explores the persistent public health challenges facing Laos, with a particular focus on infectious diseases, inadequate sanitation, and underdeveloped healthcare infrastructure. It highlights how factors such as limited resources, economic instability, and uneven access to medical services contribute to high disease burdens, especially in rural and underserved areas. The study examines the critical role of international support in strengthening Laos’s healthcare system, including efforts by organizations like WHO, USAID, and the Global Fund. It also reviews the structure and limitations of medical education in Laos, emphasizing the need for investment in training, modern resources, and language-accessible materials. The paper argues that comprehensive policy reforms, expanded global cooperation, improved disease surveillance, and targeted capacity-building are essential to improving health outcomes. By addressing systemic gaps in infrastructure, sanitation, and education, Laos can reduce vulnerability to infectious diseases and build a more resilient public health system.

Mitochondria play a fundamental role in cellular energy metabolism, with skeletal muscle mitochondria exhibiting superior oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) efficiency compared to other tissues. This study explores the genetic adaptations that underlie the enhanced ATP production capacity of muscle mitochondria, highlighting their relevance to mitochondrial disease models. Through a comparative analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variations, we identify key genetic determinants that contribute to muscle mitochondria’s unique efficiency. These adaptations may offer insights into novel therapeutic approaches for mitochondrial disorders, where energy production deficits are a primary concern. We propose that gene therapy strategies leveraging muscle mitochondrial efficiency could help enhance OXPHOS function in affected patients, potentially alleviating disease symptoms. This study underscores the importance of understanding tissue-specific mitochondrial specialization and its potential applications in developing precise medicine interventions for metabolic and neuromuscular disorders.

Stem cell aging is a complex biological process characterized by diminished self-renewal capacity and impaired differentiation potential, directly contributing to decreased tissue regeneration and age-related diseases. This review systematically examines the molecular mechanisms underlying stem cell aging, including telomere shortening, DNA damage accumulation, metabolic imbalance, mitochondrial dysfunction, epigenetic modifications, and inflammatory responses. These interconnected mechanisms form a complex regulatory network driving stem cell functional decline. The challenges posed by stem cell aging to regenerative medicine are substantial: aging reduces tissue regenerative capacity across hematopoietic, neural, and muscular systems, limits the efficacy of stem cell transplantation due to poor survival rates and altered differentiation bias, and increases the risk of malignant transformation. To address these challenges, researchers have developed various intervention strategies, including cell reprogramming technology, gene editing approaches, metabolic regulation, antioxidant therapies, exosome applications, and microenvironment optimization. While significant progress has been made, challenges remain, particularly regarding off-target effects in gene editing, dose-dependent toxicity in metabolic regulation, and standardization issues in exosome production. Future research directions include developing aging-specific biomarkers for precision intervention, analyzing tissue-specific aging mechanisms, and exploring metabolism-epigenetic-immunity regulatory networks. The advancement of stem cell aging intervention has profound implications for both regenerative medicine and anti-aging therapies, offering promising approaches to address age-related diseases and improve quality of life.

As the cornerstone of human hematopoiesis, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) sustain immune homeostasis by continuously generating blood cellular components. Their proliferative capacity and multilineage differentiation potential make them prime targets for gene therapy. The clinical application of HSPC genome editing relies on two key advancements: the development of highly specific and biocompatible genome-editing reagents and the establishment of efficient delivery systems ensuring targeted cellular uptake. Recent innovations in gene editing tools and cargo delivery methods, such as RNA- and protein-based editors, have enabled novel therapeutic strategies for hematological disorders. Current gene delivery platforms for HSPCs include electroporation, synthetic nanoscale carriers (e.g., polymeric and lipid nanoparticles), and engineered viral vectors such as integration-defective lentiviral vectors (IDLVs), adeno-associated viral vectors (AADVs), virus-like particles, and adenovirus vectors (AdVs). While ex vivo gene therapy remain predominant, it requires complex and costly patient conditioning regimens. in vivo approaches, primarily utilizing AdVs and LNPs, offer an alternative but lack sufficient targeting precision and transfection efficiency. By critically analyzing these advancements, this review aims to identify pathways for optimizing genome editing in HSPCs and enhancing therapeutic precision in hematological disorder management.

Semaglutide, an emerging therapeutic agent for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity, has garnered significant attention in recent years. Despite challenges such as impurity formation and low yield in its production through biotechnological fermentation and chemical synthesis, its potential in blood glucose control, weight management, and cardiovascular and renal protection has been firmly established. This paper aims to explore the mechanism of action, clinical applications, and limitations of Semaglutide by analyzing relevant literature, reviewing its effects in various clinical trials, and evaluating its common side effects as well as potential long-term safety concerns. The results demonstrate that Semaglutide is highly effective, but its side effects, particularly gastrointestinal discomfort, may affect patient compliance, and the long-term safety regarding the pancreas and thyroid remains to be further validated. Future research should focus on optimizing formulations, reducing side effects, and exploring new therapeutic areas.

As China gradually enters an aging society, the health conditions of the middle-aged and elderly are not optimistic, especially the cardiovascular diseases among them are particularly prominent. With the increase of age, the cardiovascular system of the middle-aged and elderly will undergo degenerative changes, which may lead to a series of problems such as arteriosclerosis, elevated systolic blood pressure, and decreased cardiac output. Resistance training has the effect of reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases for the middle-aged and elderly. Resistance exercise has a good effect on reducing cardiovascular risk factors, alleviating chronic inflammatory responses, and improving lipid abnormalities in the middle-aged and elderly population. This article explores the effects of resistance training on the prevention of cardiovascular disease risks in the middle-aged and elderly from two aspects: the improvement mechanism of cardiovascular structure and function and the regulation mechanism of metabolism and inflammation. It indicates that scientific and reasonable cardiac rehabilitation resistance training methods can improve the cardiac function of the middle-aged and elderly, inhibit the decline of muscle strength, and improve the quality of life, thereby enabling the middle-aged and elderly to enjoy a better quality of life. If the middle-aged and elderly can incorporate safe and effective resistance training into their daily lives, it will be of great significance for improving the quality of life of the elderly, reducing the risk coefficient of cardiovascular system diseases, and alleviating the burden of social elderly care.

Acne is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease that primarily affects adolescents and young adults, with an incidence rate exceeding 80% in this population. Its pathogenesis is complex and multifactorial, involving excessive sebaceous gland secretion, inflammation, and infection, etc. Among them, Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) is considered one of the key pathogenic factors. This paper reviews recent domestic and international research on the pathogenic mechanisms of P. acnes in acne, with a detailed discussion on its biological characteristics, its role in acne pathogenesis, and its interactions with the host immune system. P. acnes triggers and intensifies the inflammatory response of hair follicles and their surrounding tissues through multiple pathways. Additionally, it induces follicular hyper keratinization, promotes biofilm formation, and activates both innate and adaptive immune responses, further exacerbating acne development. By analyzing existing literature, this study aims to provide theoretical support for acne treatment and offer references and practical guidance for future research.