Parental environmental exposure can affect offspring through hereditary germline changes without changing the DNA sequence. Ongoing studies show that parental diet can induce heritable molecular changes, thereby affecting offspring metabolism, behavior, and neurological function. However, the mechanism behind these persistent neurobehavioral effects remains unclear. In order to solve this problem, this study explored whether the parent HFD will produce cross-generational memory, thereby changing the reward-related behavior of the offspring. Specifically, it studied the role of dopamine regulation and sperm small non-coding RNA in this process. F0 male mice received a control diet or a high-fat diet before mating, while F1 and F2 male mice maintained a normal diet. Reward-related behaviors will be evaluated through various hedonic preferences and reward learning tests. The functional contribution of dopamine will be evaluated at the molecular, behavioral, and electrophysiological levels by methods such as Neuropixels and high-performance liquid chromatography. Small RNA sequencing will identify persistent sperm small non-coding RNA candidates between generations. Ultimately, this study aims to determine how paternal HFD causes cross-generational changes in reward-related behaviors through dopamine regulation and sperm small non-coding RNA. These findings may contribute to a better understanding of how paternal diet shapes the transgenerational memory of neurobehavior and to identify this genetic causal reproductive mechanism.

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Chronic ankle instability (CAI) is connected to recurrent ankle sprains, impaired proprioception, reduced postural control, and decreased functional stability. Proprioceptive and balance training are often used during rehabilitation, but differences in training methods and study populations makes the effectiveness difficult to determine. This research investigates the effect of proprioceptive and balance training on recurrent ankle sprains and functional stability in people with CAI. Evidence was examined from systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and randomized controlled trials focusing on recurrent ankle sprains, proprioception, balance, and ankle function. Findings show that proprioceptive training reduces recurrent ankle sprains, while balance training improves dynamic balance, proprioception, and functional ankle stability. However, limitations include differences in participant characteristics, training protocols, intervention duration, and outcome measures, so that findings cannot be generalized. Overall, proprioceptive and balancing training are useful for CAI rehabilitation, especially for improving dynamic balance and reducing recurrent ankle-sprain risk, although further specific research is required.

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Female basketball players are at a substantially higher risk of experiencing Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injuries than male players. Many of these are non-contact injuries that happen during deceleration, landing from jumps, and changes in direction. Neuromuscular training (NMT) has drawn growing interest, as it aims to modify the potentially preventable movement patterns that contribute to ACL injuries. This essay examines the extent to which NMT modifies the biomechanical risk factors associated with ACL injuries in female basketball players. Research has shown that NMT can produce meaningful improvements in several biomechanical variables, particularly dynamic knee valgus and lumbopelvic control. However, its effectiveness is not guaranteed, and factors such as duration, specificity, and intervention content must also be considered. Programs that combine plyometrics, strength, balance, and movement feedback appear to be more effective than interventions focused on agility alone. Although some studies suggest NMT reduces injury incidence, most available research measures biomechanical change rather than tracking ACL injuries directly. As a result, the evidence supporting NMT is strongest with respect to the modification of biomechanical risk factors, though the degree to which these alterations translate into long-term ACL injury prevention remains far less established. These findings can offer a useful reference for designing ACL injury-prevention training programmes for female basketball players.

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The success of knee rehabilitation depends heavily on the correct execution of exercises. Currently, most treatments require supervision by physical therapists, which can be expensive. When exercises are performed without a therapist, incorrect movements are often used, increasing the risk of re-injury. To address this, a low-cost, wearable smart knee rehabilitation system is introduced in this study. A combination of multimodal sensors is employed to provide real-time motion correction and adaptive training. By integrating IMU data, visual pose estimation, and muscle signals (EMG), three-dimensional knee angles are accurately measured. Common mistakes such as knee collapse, twisting, or insufficient bending can be detected. Instant feedback is delivered through a display interface, guiding users to correct their posture and thereby improving exercise quality while reducing injury risk. Additionally, the system incorporates a smart training feature. Surface EMG (sEMG) is used to monitor muscle fatigue and movement accuracy. When fatigue is detected, the workout is automatically adjusted—by reducing speed or decreasing the number of repetitions. This approach reduces the dependence on expensive clinical equipment. The integration of multimodal sensor data with an adaptive system makes home rehabilitation more scientific, accurate, and user-friendly. Finally, this research provides a low-cost, high-precision real-time tracking prototype for smart home monitoring.

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