Motor disabilities like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), or high-level paraplegia severely affect patient's interaction with their environment and independence. Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) are an essential technology linking neural activity to external devices to recover lost functions. Advances in signal acquisition and decoding algorithms have greatly enhanced the accuracy and stability of BCIs; however, there remains much room for improvement concerning long-term biocompatibility and seamless integration within everyday life. This review analyzes the present role of BCIs in functional recovery among patients suffering from severe motor impairments, summarizing recent results obtained using both invasive and non-invasive modalities about motor rehabilitation and communication restoration. This analysis shows that although BCIs provide significant benefits in regaining autonomy they face technical hurdles and lack standardization in evaluation metrics. This paper provides here a comprehensive reference towards further BCI developments and highlight open issues related to system robustness and user adaptability. Further efforts should be directed toward optimization of closed-loop neuromodulation strategies and large-scale longitudinal clinical trials to enable wide practical use.

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Protein lactylation is a newly described post-translational modification (PTM), initiated by the transfer of lactyl group in lactyl-CoA to lysine residues, and can be classified into histone and non-histone lactylation. Lactylation bridges glycolytic metabolism pathways to epigenetic modifications, complementing knowledge in both parts of cancer regulation. Here, we systemically review the recent advances in understanding the effects of lactylation on cancer, including survival, proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis and vasculogenic mimicry, stemness and immune evasion. We also summarized lactylation-induced resistance mechanisms and emerging therapeutic opportunities, which may contribute to its integration in current therapies as a sensitizer.

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Circadian Rhythm disruption in modern society damages the hippocampus and leads to memory loss. However, the existing interventions for the central clock have not restored hippocampal rhythms and cognition. Therefore, this paper systematically summarizes the neural circuits and molecular feedback loops of the mammalian circadian system, analyzes the regulatory effects of environmental zeitgebers on central and peripheral rhythm entrainment, and elaborates the multi-layer mechanisms of memory impairment mediated by reduced hippocampal neurogenesis, disrupted synaptic plasticity and epigenetic dysregulation of clock genes. REV-ERBα (nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group D member 1, NR1D1) is a required molecular hub that coordinates the regulation of circadian rhythms and neural function and whole-body metabolism, according to a second proposal. This paper presents an organised theoretical system for the study of circadian regulation of memory and offers a reference for screening intervention targets in rhythm-related cognitive disorders. Research will be conducted on hippocampus-specific targeting strategies to improve the therapeutic effect of circadian rhythm disorders for memory next.

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Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the predominant histological type of oral cancer, with a continuously increasing disease burden and unsatisfactory long-term survival. c-MYC and gain-of-function mutant p53 (GOF-p53) are important oncogenic factors in OSCC/head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), but both remain difficult to target directly. Leucine zipper-bearing kinase (LZK) can maintain c-MYC stability through kinase-dependent mechanisms and stabilize GOF-p53 through non-kinase-dependent scaffold functions. Proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC)-mediated degradation of LZK may simultaneously block its catalytic and non-catalytic functions; however, this strategy is limited by the large molecular size, poor membrane permeability, and restricted systemic delivery of PROTAC molecules. Dissolving microneedles (DMNs) may enable local delivery and reduce systemic exposure. This review summarizes recent advances in LZK-PROTAC and dissolving microneedle-mediated delivery, and discusses their potential value as postoperative adjuvant therapy for stage I-II OSCC.

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