Through geometric optimization, airfoil designs directly affect efficiency, stability, and energy performance in aerospace and wind systems. More specifically, airfoil geometry optimization improves aerodynamic efficiency and reduces energy losses in aircraft and wind turbines, thus supporting technological innovation and cleaner energy utilization. This paper examines the physical mechanisms of lift generation and evaluates the influences of key airfoil geometric parameters, including maximum thickness, maximum camber, their chordwise locations, and trailing-edge configurations, on lift performance. To explain these effects, the analysis examines lift mechanisms from classical inviscid circulation models, including the Kutta-Joukowski theorem and thin-airfoil theory, to viscous-flow frameworks describing boundary-layer transition, shear stress distribution, and vorticity dynamics. At low Reynolds number conditions (0.3×10⁵ to 0.8×10⁵), viscous effects become significant and produce laminar separation bubbles that reduce aerodynamic efficiency. The results show that airfoil geometric parameters regulate lift generation mainly by reshaping surface pressure distributions and modifying boundary-layer stability, providing a physics-based foundation for optimized lifting surface design.

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Based on experimental materials for a simple pendulum that provide only chart images and include no raw numerical data files, this paper distinguishes theoretical derivations from qualitative image-based observations and explores how time series can be used to represent calculus relationships in periodic motion. The experimental setup described in the materials uses the Arduino Nano 33 IoT development board, the LSM6DS3 inertial measurement unit, and Bluetooth transmission, covering five pendulum lengths from 0.34 m to 1.45 m, with an approximate sampling frequency of 100 Hz. Based on the small-angle simple pendulum model, the analysis establishes the relationship among angular displacement, angular velocity, angular acceleration, period and frequency, and examines the oscillation interval, release shock, decay behavior and multi-axis response in the records. The results show that the images qualitatively support the theoretical trend of "longer pendulum length, slower oscillation", but they are not enough to verify the measured frequency, damping constant or three-dimensional displacement. The study also illustrates how differentiation amplifies noise and why double integration depends on calibration, initial conditions, and drift control. This case provides an intuitive example for establishing links between functions, derivatives, integrals, differential equations, and observable motion characteristics in physics teaching.

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With an aging population and changes in environmental and lifestyle factors, the incidence of hematologic malignancies has been increasing worldwide. Diseases such as leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma are often characterized by rapid progression and high relapse rates, posing a serious threat to human health. Conventional treatment modalities, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells, have demonstrated limited efficacy among individuals with relapsed or refractory hematologic malignancies. Drug resistance, low remission rates, and poor prognosis remain major clinical concerns, underscoring the pressing demand for innovative therapeutic approaches capable of addressing the limitations of current treatments. Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR T-cell) therapy is widely regarded as a significant advancement in the field of cancer immunotherapy. Owing to its precise targeting and potent antitumor activity, CAR T-cell therapy has provided a novel treatment option for individuals affected by relapsed or refractory hematologic malignancies. Based on relevant literature review and inductive analysis, this review offers a comprehensive overview of recent progress regarding the clinical use of CAR T-cell therapy for a range of hematologic malignancies. It focuses on the major challenges associated with clinical application, particularly cytokine release syndrome, tumor immune evasion, and high treatment costs. In addition, current technological improvements and clinical optimization strategies are discussed, and future development trends are explored. Existing evidence indicates that, compared with conventional treatment modalities, CAR T-cell therapy provides clinically meaningful benefits for individuals with relapsed or refractory hematologic malignancies. It can improve remission rates and clinical outcomes and therefore has considerable clinical value. However, several limitations remain, including the risk of serious adverse events, tumor immune evasion, and high costs, all of which substantially hinder its clinical translation and widespread application.

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EGFR-TKIs have significantly improved the survival outcomes of patients with EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, substantial heterogeneity in treatment efficacy exists among individuals, and conventional single-gene testing has limitations in guiding therapeutic decision-making. This systematic review focuses on the effects of driver gene co-mutations on the prognosis of targeted therapy in EGFR-mutant NSCLC and explores their value in clinical translation. Literature published from 2022 to 2026 concerning co-mutations and prognosis of targeted therapy in EGFR-mutant NSCLC was systematically retrieved from the PubMed database for summarization and analysis. This review found that TP53 is the most prevalent co-mutated gene in EGFR-mutant NSCLC and is strongly associated with poor prognosis under TKI monotherapy. Phase III clinical trials have confirmed that TKI combined with chemotherapy significantly prolongs median progression-free survival compared with TKI monotherapy among patients with EGFR mutations accompanied by tumor suppressor gene co-mutations. NGS multi-gene panels serve as the technical foundation for comprehensive co-mutation assessment. In summary, driver gene co-mutations play a critical role in prognostic stratification for EGFR-mutant NSCLC treatment. Taking co-mutation status into account helps identify high-risk patients who may benefit from intensified treatment, supporting more precise and individualized targeted therapy.

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