This paper investigates the relationship between health and poverty alleviation, focusing on China’s Health-Poverty Alleviation Program. Through comprehensive analysis, it reveals the strategies, achievements, and challenges in tackling the health-poverty issues. In this context, China’s experience offers important insights for the global community, particularly in integrated multisectoral approaches and data-driven decision-making. Using empirical cases, this study illuminates how policies penetrate government hierarchies, reach grassroots populations, and shape health behaviors, revealing the “structure-behavior” black box in digital health governance. The results show that there are three challenges: tension between the digital divide and health equity, street-level bureaucracy issues, and gaps in governing social determinants. Accordingly, this study proposes three actionable recommendations: inclusive digital health policies, stronger grassroots support, and social support networks with digital health.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major global public health crisis. It is featured by insulin resistance and chronic hyperglycemia, leading to serious complications, and current clinical treatments only relieve symptoms but cannot cure it. Recent research has shown that the Mediterranean diet (MD) is a promising way for T2DM prevention and management, and its role in regulating metabolic disorders has become a research focus. This review analyzes the core nutritional features of the MD and its regulatory effects on T2DM. It finds that the MD can balance gut microbiota, reduce chronic inflammation and oxidative stress, improve glycemic and lipid metabolism, and enhance pancreatic β-cell function and insulin sensitivity in T2DM patients. Clinical evidence also proves that the MD boosts patients’ quality of life and has more advantages than conventional diabetic diets in long-term adherence and metabolic regulation. The MD provides a new nutritional intervention method for clinical T2DM management, offering evidence-based references for clinical practice. However, existing studies lack long-term follow-up data on diabetic complications and have insufficient research on the MD’s cross-cultural adaptability and the synergy of its components. Future research should focus on personalized nutritional plans, long-term outcomes of complications and culturally adapted MD protocols. It is also necessary to explore the combined use of the MD with hypoglycemic drugs to better benefit T2DM patients worldwide.

The widespread presence of antibiotic residues in food constitutes a serious and escalating threat to public health. The overuse of antibiotics in animal husbandry and agriculture can lead to bioaccumulation in meat, dairy products, and crops, potentially contributing to the development of antimicrobial resistance in humans. Therefore, developing accurate, efficient, and on-site methods for detecting trace levels of such contaminants is of paramount importance. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has emerged as a powerful analytical tool for this purpose, offering exceptional advantages such as ultra-high sensitivity, molecular fingerprint specificity, and capacity for rapid, label-free analysis. This review systematically summarizes the key achievements of SERS technology in the detection of various antibiotic residues across diverse food matrices. It specifically compiles and discusses the achieved limits of detection and recovery rates reported in recent studies, critically evaluating the performance of different SERS substrates and assay formats. The objective is to provide a comprehensive reference for researchers and practitioners, highlighting both the current capabilities and future potential of SERS in ensuring food safety and safeguarding consumer health.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD), dominated by atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), are the leading cause of death among urban and rural residents in China. As of 2024, the China Report on Cardiovascular Health and Diseases 2024 shows that the incidence, total number of cases, and age-standardized incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in China have continued to show an upward trend. Among them, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is a major contributor to the mortality burden of CVD. Although ASCVD is preventable and controllable, the report indicates that the control level of key risk factors for ASCVD (including smoking, obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, etc.) still needs to be improved. Based on the antagonistic mechanism of omega-3 PUFA metabolites against atherosclerosis, this article reviews the structure and composition of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, their mechanisms of action, the influence of the mixture ratio of DHA and EPA on the changes of coronary atherosclerotic plaques, as well as their impact on people with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; and puts forward clinical medical recommendations based on the key risk factors of ASCVD. This article confirms that EPA and DHA play an important role in inhibiting inflammation by affecting the differentiation process of phagocytes, as well as the size and number of adipocytes. It is intended to remind clinicians that they should not only treat ASCVD, but also guide patients to prevent and manage ASCVD through dietary improvements in daily life, so as to reduce the prevalence and mortality of ASCVD.

The burden of mental health in recent years has been increasing around the world. About one in seven people around the world is mentally unwell. Although increased awareness and revised diagnostic criteria have partially explained the rise in recorded prevalence, the main reason is that there is a serious lack of professional mental health workers in society. Given the manpower shortage, artificial intelligence (AI) is now being used to fill the service gap for mental health care. Help people with mental illness make better choices, improve their quality of life, make forecasts, and support people in distress. With the development of natural language processing and machine learning algorithms in recent years, intelligent mental health tools have gradually been applied in practice. Systematically study the social demand, technical mechanisms, practical application effects and existing ethical limitations of AI in mental health services in this paper, and provide a clear reference for the standardized development of intelligent psychological intervention in the future.

Melanoma is clinically aggressive and can metastasise early, making advanced disease difficult to control. Checkpoint inhibitors that target PD-1, PD-L1 and CTLA-4 have modified the response of anti-tumour T cells by blocking inhibitory signals. However, many patients either do not respond or relapse after initial improvement; therefore, durable disease control remains difficult for many patients. This paper reviews the main biological mechanisms underlying the reduced response to immunotherapy in melanoma. Tumour-cell-intrinsic mechanisms include defective antigen presentation, loss of tumour-associated antigens, altered interferon-γ signalling and oncogenic pathways that reduce immune visibility. Resistance is also induced by the tumour microenvironment; suppressive immune cells, inhibitory cytokines, limited T-cell infiltration, exhaustion and adverse metabolic conditions weaken the anti-tumour response. At present, the treatments available for this disease include PD-1 blockade, CTLA-4 inhibition and combination checkpoint blockade; although some have demonstrated good and prolonged responses, they are subject to inconsistent efficacy, immune-related adverse events and a lack of reliable predictive biomarkers. Recently, several rational combinations of new drugs and added immune targets have been introduced to improve the precision of treatment. In short, closer cooperation between the field of resistance biology and clinical practice is required to develop longer-lasting and more tailored immune-oncology strategies for melanoma.

Hypoxia, an oxygen-deficient environment, plays a critical role in promoting various biological processes and serves as a key regulator of cellular physiology, driving diverse biological processes through oxygen-sensing mechanisms. Therefore, the impacts of the hypoxia-mimicking molecule DMOG (dimethyloxalylglycine) need to be fully understood. This study aims to investigate the effects of DMOG on the growth and activity of NIH/3T3 fibroblasts and HaCaT keratinocytes in a hypoxic environment. After conducting a dual-timepoint experiment with 24-hour and 48-hour exposures to DMOG, we employed the CCK-8 assay to quantitatively assess cellular viability across a DMOG concentration gradient. Our findings suggest that as the concentration of DMOG increases, HaCaT cells exhibit an initial rise followed by a subsequent, monotonic decrease in cell growth rate, whereas NIH/3T3, BJ, and L929 cells show a more pronounced decreasing trend in cell growth with rising DMOG concentration. These results establish a concentration-dependent inverse relationship between DMOG administration and cellular proliferation, highlighting potential cytotoxic limitations for therapeutic applications of hypoxia mimetics in epithelial and stromal cell populations. The differential response patterns between cell lineages suggest tissue-specific susceptibility to HIF (hypoxia-inducible factor) pathway modulation, providing crucial insights for optimizing hypoxia-targeted interventions in regenerative medicine.

With the development of the Internet and computer technology, the application of artificial intelligence in the medical field has been vigorously promoted. This paper first summarizes the current application status of artificial intelligence in different fields of healthcare, and on this basis, discusses the ethical challenges faced by artificial intelligence medical technology, so as to strengthen technological innovation and ethical norms, drive the intelligent transformation of healthcare, solve medical problems, and improve service efficiency.

This paper focuses on the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in the early screening of pancreatic cancer, a highly lethal malignancy known as the "king of cancers." With an overall 5-year survival rate of only 11% and 80% of patients diagnosed at an advanced stage, effective early screening is critical to improving prognosis. Key findings show that AI-aided computed tomography (CT), endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and liquid biopsy achieve high detection accuracy: the PANDA model (non-contrast CT) detects pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.986–0.996; multimodal EUS-AI improves novice endoscopists' diagnostic accuracy to 0.90; MRI radiomics nomograms predict high-grade lesions with AUC 0.88–0.90; liquid biopsy AI models (cfDNA multi-omics, 5hmC) reach AUC 0.92–0.99.AI enables earlier, more accurate, and minimally invasive screening, addressing limitations of conventional tools and providing a promising basis for integrating AI into clinical pancreatic cancer screening programs.

Conventional cancer treatments (radiotherapy, chemotherapy, surgery) often cause toxic side effects, and their efficacy is limited by tumor microenvironment heterogeneity. Combining natural bioactive compounds with conventional therapy has emerged as a promising strategy to enhance treatment outcomes. Jellyfish-derived compounds, especially venom and collagen, show notable anti-cancer potential. Jellyfish venom contains pore-forming toxins that trigger apoptotic and necroptotic pathways, suppressing proliferation of multiple cancer cell lines. Jellyfish collagen offers high biocompatibility and low allergenicity, regulating immune responses and inhibiting tumor angiogenesis to improve therapeutic responses. Additionally, jellyfish fluorescent proteins aid tumor localization and distribution tracking in oncological research. Despite these advantages, clinical translation faces challenges: key anti-tumor toxins remain unidentified, dosage control is imprecise, anti-proliferative effects vary, and jellyfish exploitation poses ecological risks. Overall, jellyfish-derived compounds hold great potential as adjunct cancer therapies. Future work should focus on isolating core anti-tumor toxins, optimizing administration, and advancing clinical trials to enable standardized clinical application.