With the development of the social economy, the quality of people's living standards has improved. The risk of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is greatly increased. CRISPR/Cas9 system can provide more accurate and effective treatment for T2DM. Nowadays, the CRISPR/Cas9 system is still in the scientific research stage in the field of treatment of T2DM, and still has many uncertainties. For example, the off-target problem, the lack of clinical trials and ethical issues. This paper mainly analyzes and summarizes the research of CRISPR/Cas9 system on the treatment of T2DM, so as to provide a more systematic reference for the treatment method for future research. However, this treatment method also has the problem of Off-target. Although CRISPR/Cas9 system has high accuracy, it still has the problem of off-target, which may lead to the accidental injury of normal genes, thus causing unpredictable consequences. Technical problems: Although CRISPR/Cas9 system is relatively simple, it still needs superb technology and complex conditions in actual operation, which increases the treatment cost and time, and the sequelae of later treatment is still unclear. Both need further research by researchers.

In recent years, the agricultural sector has faced immense challenges due to prolonged droughts, excessive soil salinity, and extreme temperature fluctuations, which have collectively stunted crop growth and significantly reduced yields. Such environmental stressors not only impact agricultural productivity but also pose a substantial threat to global food security. To address these challenges, advancements in gene editing have introduced CRISPR (clusters of regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) tools, with CRISPR-Cas9 emerging as a particularly powerful and widely adopted technology. This tool offers high precision, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness, enabling targeted genetic modifications that can enhance crop resilience and facilitate the development of superior varieties. This paper discusses the fundamental principles and unique characteristics of CRISPR-Cas9 technology, providing a comprehensive summary of its applications in strengthening crop resistance to various abiotic stresses, including drought, salinity, and extreme temperatures. Additionally, it addresses the technology's limitations, outlining the areas that require further refinement to optimize its agricultural impact and broaden its applicability.

This paper explores the rising prevalence of cardiovascular disease, highlighting an anticipated increase in patient numbers worldwide. Three major cardiovascular disorders are emphasized: 1) congestive heart failure (CHF), 2) coronary atherosclerosis (CA), and 3) arrhythmia, with arrhythmia identified as especially critical due to its impact on cardiovascular electrophysiology. Advances in molecular biology, particularly with the CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing technology, have introduced promising therapeutic avenues for these conditions. CRISPR-Cas9 has demonstrated effectiveness in reducing specific cytoplasmic signaling interactions, enhancing the division rate of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) within connective tissue. This gene-editing intervention targets and partially modifies the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway, leading to reduced secretion of certain cytoplasmic factors. As a result, cardiomyocytes (CMs) can undergo improved division, promoting stable electrophysiological functions essential in managing arrhythmia. Further, CRISPR-Cas9’s capacity for precise double screening and knockout of TLR4-associated sequences holds potential for symptom alleviation and decreased arrhythmia incidence, representing a significant advance in cardiac disorder therapeutics.

Diabetes is a chronic disease with a rapid increase in incidence, which is a general problem around the world. Two main types of diabetes are included. Polygenic diabetes includes type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D), and their monogenic forms are juvenile mature diabetes (MODY) and neonatal diabetes (NDM). CRISPR technology is a gene therapy technology with low cost but very high feasibility. At present, researchers have envisioned the use of CRISPR technology in the treatment of T1D, but this technology has a high off-target rate, immune rejection and no abundant clinical trials in the human body to verify this technology, resulting in the fact that this technology is not really used in clinical treatment. In the middle. This article mainly analyzes and summarizes the problems and solutions encountered by CRISPR-cas9 technology from basic theory to idealized models. This article provides new solutions for the treatment of T1D with CRISPR technology and also provides references for this technology. In addition, problems such as immune rejection in the human body have not been solved. Future research can focus on the solution to the problem of the suppression of cellular immune rejection after treatment and the impact of re-mutation.

CRISPR is a gene editing technology derived from bacteria and has been widely used in the current biological field. However, the use range of it is still mainly in laboratories. The industrial production field can rarely see its role, such as the screening and optimization of production strains. This article compares the advantages and disadvantages of CRISPR with traditional natural sampling or mutagenesis breeding combined with selective culture medium screening technology in actual production in technical and non-technical fields, emphasizing that CRISPR technology has great advantages in integrating excellent traits and improving breeding efficiency. However, it is still slightly inferior to traditional technology in terms of breeding costs, experimental conditions, and social acceptance. The significance of this study lies in a relatively comprehensive analysis of the various indicators worth comparing when CRISPR technology is actually applied to industrial breeding, which can provide a certain reference value for whether the technology should be officially put into industrial use. However, there are still many defects of CRISPR technology which is difficult to correct; although the direction of its improvement is fairly clear, it’s never easy to work, and the development will still need some time.

CRISPI-Cas 9 technology is currently the most popular gene editing tool, which has been used in biomedical research and clinical treatment, but it also has the problem of off-target effects that cause unexpected gene mutations, which limits its safety and efficacy. Now, various machine learning models have been trained to predict off-target events in order to: Gene editing is more precise. In terms of both accuracy and interpretability there are still issues in the existing models. This paper has focused on reviewing Machine learning archery Off Target Prediction models and their performance. The results of this study show that the deep learning model has high accuracy and interpretability in the prediction of off-target events, which provides a reference for the optimization of gene editing strategies. The results reveal that there is a lot of room for development of deep learning technology in improving the safety of gene editing, which provides an in-depth reference for the sustainable development of gene editing technology. The application of this study to this paper also has its limitations, including the inadequacy of the applicability of the model in multiple gene editing contexts. In the future research of gene editing, more attention can be paid to the study of new biological indicators, the establishment of more accurate prediction models, and the improvement of models with more explanatory interpretation, so as to more safely apply gene editing technology in clinical and agricultural treatment and improvement.

CRISPR-Cas9, awarded the 2020 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for its discovery by Jennifer Doudna and Emmanuelle Charpentier, has revolutionized gene editing due to its versatility, precision, and efficiency. Unlike previous gene editing tools such as Zinc Finger Proteins (ZFP) and TALENs, CRISPR-Cas9 allows targeted editing of any DNA sequence with minimal off-target effects. This article explores the potential of CRISPR-Cas9 technology to edit telomeres—protective DNA structures at chromosome ends—and related genes to address telomere-associated diseases and aging mechanisms. Telomeres, consisting of repetitive DNA sequences and associated proteins, are crucial in protecting chromosomes and regulating cellular aging, with their progressive shortening linked to cancer and other age-related diseases. This article mainly discusses the molecular mechanisms of telomere maintenance, the feasibility of using CRISPR-Cas9 for telomere length control, and its implications for cancer, stem cell research, and telomere-associated diseases. While promising, further research is needed to fully understand the roles of regulatory pathways and non-genetic factors in telomere dynamics.

With the increasing incidence and mortality rate of cancer, CRISPR technology needs to be applied more widely and accurately in this field. The current application of CRISPR in cancer detection is mostly aimed at cancers with clear genes as tumor markers. The detection of some cancers with unknown pathogenesis is still in the stage of development. Studying their pathogenesis through CRISPR technology may make progress and accelerate their detection and diagnosis. This article demonstrates the feasibility of CRISPR cas system and the incidence detection principles of the important disease cancer and introduces representative application cases to further demonstrate the importance and development prospects of CRISPR in this field. This article helps to gain a preliminary understanding of the application principles of CRISPR system in cancer detection, facilitating the screening of suitable related technologies and providing ideas for future study on new CRISPR technologies in cancer. In the future, CRISPR technology is highly likely to greatly accelerate the speed of cancer detection, reduce detection costs, and provide assistance for integrated cancer detection, perhaps making cancer detection as easy as nucleic acid kit testing.

SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of the COVID-19 pandemic, is a single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus belonging to the coronavirus family. It emerged at the end of 2019 and has swiftly disseminated globally, presenting an unparalleled threat to public health worldwide. The non-structural protein 5 (nsp5) is a key component in the SARS-CoV-2 replication process, also known as the main protease (Mpro or 3CLpro), which is essential for cleaving viral polyproteins into functional proteins required for replication and transcription. The conserved characteristics and essential role of nsp5 render it an attractive target for antiviral pharmacological development. Recent developments in nsp5-targeted treatments, like Paxlovid, exhibit significant effectiveness in decreasing COVID-19-associated hospitalizations and fatalities. However, the development of nsp5 inhibitors continues to face challenges due to viral mutations and specific administration requirements. This review explores the structural and biochemical properties of nsp5, with particular attention to its catalytic dyad, substrate recognition sites, and three-domain architecture that underpin its role in viral replication. It highlights the potential impact of nsp5 research on advancing antiviral strategies, aiding in the fight against current SARS-CoV-2 infections, and laying the groundwork for future coronavirus outbreak preparedness.

Chimeric Antigen Receptor Macrophages (CAR-M) is the latest generation of chimeric antigen receptor technology. Its main principle involves introducing the CAR gene into macrophages extracted from a patient's body, activating these macrophages, and then re-infusing them back into the patient. Compared to the previous generation of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cells (CAR-T) technology, CAR-M has significant advantages as it can circumvent the challenge of effectively penetrating the tumor microenvironment. CAR-M is capable of engulfing the corresponding tumor cells, and at the same time, CAR-M cells can present antigens and produce cytokines to enhance the killing ability of T cells against tumor cells. However, since macrophages are highly differentiated cells that cannot divide and proliferate, multiple injections are required. This article analyzes the technology by combining the strengths and weaknesses of CAR-M. By altering the inherent defects of macrophages and changing them to monocytes (the precursor cells of macrophages), and further improving or enhancing some of the defects or advantages of monocytes themselves, the effectiveness of the technology can be enhanced. Now, the integration of CAR-M technology with the CRISPR/Cas system can enhance the efficiency of the technology in disease treatment. Currently, Cas9 is relatively popular and has a broader range of applications. However, due to the significant off-target effects of CAS9, the CAS12a system, which has a lower off-target rate, can be selected.