​Under the dual background of intensified urban heat island effect and upgraded demand for living environment quality, the regulatory effect of plants on outdoor microclimate has become a research hotspot in the fields of landscape architecture and urban ecology. This article takes the creation of microclimate by outdoor plants as the research core, adopts the method of literature review, sorts out relevant research results at home and abroad, and analyzes the problems in current research, such as the lack of systematic explanation of regulatory mechanisms, fragmented research on community structure driving effects, and disconnection between research and practice. The existing research methods have gradually evolved from traditional field observations to numerical simulations and multi technology integration, but there are still limitations such as difficulty in scale conversion and insufficient evaluation of long-term effects. This article preliminarily explores the coupling relationship between plant community structure and microclimate effects, and proposes that in the future, collaborative benefit research should be carried out around the "dual carbon" goal to promote intelligent and dynamic plant microclimate creation design and monitoring system construction. Plants achieve microclimate regulation through a dual process of thermodynamics and fluid mechanics. The vertical structure, horizontal pattern, and individual plant morphological characteristics of the community are the core elements determining the regulation efficiency. Research provides theoretical reference for the scientific configuration of outdoor space plants and microclimate optimization design, and has important practical significance for improving the quality of urban living environment.

As a complex space that integrates historical culture and ecological functions, the assessment of green space ecosystem service values and the optimization of spatial patterns in urban heritage parks are key issues for the coordinated development of urban ecological construction and cultural heritage conservation. Taking Xi'an Daming Palace Relic Park as the study area, this paper adopts remote sensing interpretation, GIS spatial analysis, the equivalent factor method, landscape metrics, and the minimum cumulative resistance model to systematically evaluate four categories of ecosystem services---supply, regulation, support, and culture---provided by the park's green spaces. It also analyzes the current status and core problems of the ecological pattern and proposes targeted optimization strategies. The results show that the total ecosystem service value of green spaces in Daming Palace Relic Park exhibits strong spatial heterogeneity, with cultural and regulatory services as the main contributors. The park's green spaces face issues such as patch fragmentation, insufficient corridor connectivity, and unbalanced structural composition. Accordingly, optimization strategies are put forward from four aspects: core patch improvement, ecological corridor construction, green space structure adjustment, and coordinated layout of heritage and ecological zones. After optimization, the ecosystem service values of the park's green spaces are expected to rise significantly, and the rationality of the ecological pattern and compatibility with heritage conservation will be effectively enhanced. This study provides a practical basis for ecological protection and sustainable management of Daming Palace Relic Park, and also offers a reference for evaluating ecosystem service values and optimizing spatial patterns in similar urban heritage parks.