The absence seizure is characterized by loss of consciousness and appears as a 3-5 Hz spike wave like discharge in electroencephalography (EEG) recording. Levetiracetam mainly works on the SV2A molecule, which can mediate neurotransmitter release. Compared with other antipsychotics, levetriacetam has shown great tolerance, fewer side effects and great efficacy. However, levetriacetam may alter the patient’s cognition and behavior in two different directions, enhance the cognition or become more aggressive. This change does not relate to the dose intake or other factors, it may be associated with the personal trait dopaminergic related gene. One possible explanation for this is that the dopaminergic related gene that can impact a person’s trait can determine the adverse effect of levetriacetam. Understanding the relationship between the levetiracetam (LEV), absence seizure and behavior change can improve the safety of LEV modification, in this paper, there is the discussion about the role of the dopamine in the absence seizure, LEV pharmocology and behavior change.

Respiratory infectious diseases pose a major challenge to public health systems worldwide. Influenza is a highly seasonal respiratory infectious disease. Tuberculosis, a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, remains one of the major threats to global public health. Pneumonia is a common and serious respiratory infection in children and adults. This article explores the global health impact of influenza, tuberculosis and pneumonia and the challenges they pose to public health systems. Taken together, influenza, tuberculosis, and pneumonia pose multiple challenges to global public health systems. The results show that understanding the prevalence patterns, risk factors, and social determinants of these diseases is critical to developing effective public health strategies and interventions.

The health system is an important part of a country's social development, which is directly related to the health and well-being of people and the social stability of a country. Health systems promote, restore and maintain health. It is a complex whole, made up of all the actions, actors, resources and mechanisms involved in providing health care services to meet the health needs of the population. As the two largest economies in the world, there are significant differences in the health systems of China and the United States in terms of organizational models, funding sources, service delivery and management. The purpose of this article is to compare and analyze the health systems of China and the United States, discuss their strengths and weaknesses, and provide a reference for improving and perfecting medical services.

Medical bionic robotics is one of the research hotspots in today's medical field, which is widely used in minimally invasive surgery, soft bionic robots, endoscopic instruments, and so on. Through reading and organizing related literature, this paper will describe the research status of medical bionic robot application in the form of a review, analyze the existing research results, find the research gaps, explore the optimization direction, and try to put forward the corresponding solutions. Medical bionic robot application technology can still be improved in many aspects to realize more comprehensive functions. Current research work not only explores knowledge or problems in specific fields, but also lays a foundation for future research and provides valuable reference information. This reference may include aspects such as methodology, data analysis techniques, experimental design ideas, theoretical frameworks, etc., which can help other researchers to conduct deeper or broader exploration in this field.

Electronic Health Record (EHR) differences from the traditional patient medical history in which everything related to the patients’ past visits and records such as family history or lab results are being stored electronically. This system is supposed to innovate the world of healthcare into the next step as it intends to provide different advantages such as ensure transparency cross different medical institute and enhance quality of care. However, due to the lack of different aspects, there are some major flaws with HER. This literature review explores the challenges of EHR interface design and its impact on healthcare providers across various medical settings. The paper demonstrates through research that the significant effects of EHR usability on provider efficiency and error rates, highlighting a notable disconnect between the design of these systems and the practical needs of their users. In addition, the review reveals a critical need for user-centered EHR interfaces, emphasizing the importance of collaborative efforts among clinicians, developers, and healthcare organizations. Based on a synthesizes findings from diverse studies, this paper advocate for EHR systems that are not only technically proficient but also intuitively aligned with healthcare providers' workflows, ultimately aiming to enhance clinical outcomes and operational efficiency.

The culture medium for blastocysts contains components that may exhibit embryotoxicity, potentially affecting the developmental process of blastocysts and leading to abnormalities in the growth and development of offspring. This paper reviews and discusses the impact of blastocyst culture medium on the development of blastocysts and later-stage embryos. The results presented in the literature indicate that blastocyst media with different compositions not only affect development during the incubation period but may also have long-term effects on post-implantation development and maturation of embryos. The paper primarily summarizes the effects of the composition and concentration of blastocyst culture medium on embryonic development, aiming to further improve the quality of in vitro culture systems and optimize the culture conditions.

Alzheimer's disease (AD), commonly known as dementia, is a neurodegenerative disease that causes memory and cognitive decline. Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disease that causes memory and cognitive deterioration in patients. 70% of the world's more than 50 million elderly patients suffer from Alzheimer's disease. Currently, scholars around the world mainly classify Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients into seven stages from onset to death. The pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has not yet been clarified by studies on different stages, and the main theories include the A-β amyloid hypothesis and other theories such as abnormal phosphorylation of Tau protein. The A-β amyloid hypothesis proposes that a type of Aβ42 forms a large number of oligomers in the patient's brain due to misfolding and accumulation, which then develop into mature fibres and protofibrils, eventually accumulating into plaques that impede signalling between the patient's nerves and neurons to cause problems in the brain. The Tau protein theory proposes that it is due to over phosphorylation of pTau protein that disrupts the neuronal skeleton and forms neuronal fibre tangles (NFTS) causing impaired axonal transport to affect signalling. fibre tangles (NFTS) causing impaired axonal transport to affect signalling. This review provides an overview of the Aβ amyloid hypothesis and the abnormal phosphorylation of Tau protein hypothesis, and compares their pathogenic mechanisms and proposes ideas to address the different mechanisms. This thesis finds that Alzheimer's disease (AD) can be treated using targeted approaches for different pathogenic mechanisms.

Neurological mechanistic or pathologic damage is often accompanied by neuronal loss. Although this loss is universally considered as irreversible, nervous system possessing a series of compensatory self-repair mechanisms after injury, one is axon regeneration. However, they are restricted by alterations in the microenvironment and multiple suppressors. Therefore, enhancing axonal regenerative capacity to improve plasticity after central nervous system injury has become a critical issue. Previous studies have shown high feasibility and application value of CRISPR/Cas9 in promoting neuronal axon regeneration. This article aims at evaluating the applicability and effectiveness of CRISPR/Cas9 and its derivative method, CRISPR activation system, when it comes to treating central nervous system injuries. Three main routes were reviewed here, including large-scale screening of related genes in vivo, promotion of endogenous neurotrophic factor expression and induction of reprogramming glial cells into neurons. Besides, considering the delay in protein knockdown with the Cas9 system and other shortcomings, its potential application such as improving the local microenvironment post-injury should not be neglected.

Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell immunotherapy (CAR-T) has been developing for decades, CAR-T is playing an increasingly important role in tumor treatment. However, because fibroblasts (CAFs) in solid tumors secrete proteins and glycans to form ECM, CAR-T is faced with the challenge of improving tumor invasion. To this end, a new scheme was put forth to alter CAR T cells such that they release heparinase (HPSE) to break down heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG), which is covered on the outermost layer of the cancerous cells by CAF and released. In order to solve the above problems, CRISPR-Cas9 was proposed to modify CAR T to enhance the secretion of HPSE. Although this method has the advantage of broad spectrum, it still has certain defects. The matrix characteristics of different solid tumors and the subpopulations and regulatory mechanisms of HPSE need to be further studied. The off-target effects of CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing technology and the high cost and time-consuming problems of flow cytometry also limit its application. It is anticipated to enhance cell infiltration in solid tumors, boost CAR-T therapy's effectiveness in treating solid tumors, and advance the field of CAR-T therapy.

The COVID-19 has influenced the whole modern world after 2020, more in bad ways. This paper is to systematically review the impact of the pandemic on social aspects in the past few years. This literature review mainly uses literature summary to find out the effects of the COVID-19.Compared to similar incidents in history, the COVID-19 has posed incredible threats to most of the social categories we face daily. Just like any other international crisis throughout history, we need a long time before recovering from the damages it brought.