As the population ages, the challenge of preventing and managing diabetes among older adults has become increasingly severe. Traditional screening based on Body Mass Index (BMI) often fails to identify high-risk individuals with "hidden obesity." Through a literature review, this paper systematically explores the intrinsic connections and underlying mechanisms linking community-based dietary interventions, the optimization of body fat percentage, and precision prevention strategies for geriatric diabetes. Research indicates that reducing body fat percentage—particularly visceral fat—while maintaining skeletal muscle mass plays a pivotal mediating role in how dietary interventions lower the risk of diabetes in older adults. This study suggests that future efforts should focus on shifting metabolic management in the older population from the traditional "broad weight loss" approach to "refined regulation of body composition," and establishing a grassroots precision nutrition intervention mechanism oriented towards regulating body fat and protecting muscle.

Childhood obesity is rapidly emerging as one of China's most serious public health challenges. In recent decades, the prevalence of childhood obesity has increased rapidly, now affecting approximately 19.0% of school-aged children in China. This review explores the factors underlying this trend, focusing on a unique cultural dynamic: the heavy reliance on grandparents for childcare. Specifically, it investigates how the trauma of the Great Chinese Famine (1959-1961) shaped the caregiving behaviors of the older generation. For many grandparents who survived the famine, a chubby child is perceived as a sign of health, wealth, and proper care. Consequently, they often overfeed their grandchildren and restrict their physical activity. The review finds that being raised primarily by grandparents is a major independent risk factor for childhood obesity, leading to higher rates of early-onset health issues like hypertension. The paper also examines the CHIRPY DRAGON intervention model, which shows that public health programs can succeed only if they actively engage with grandparents and directly confrot these deep-rooted beliefs.