As the population ages, the challenge of preventing and managing diabetes among older adults has become increasingly severe. Traditional screening based on Body Mass Index (BMI) often fails to identify high-risk individuals with "hidden obesity." Through a literature review, this paper systematically explores the intrinsic connections and underlying mechanisms linking community-based dietary interventions, the optimization of body fat percentage, and precision prevention strategies for geriatric diabetes. Research indicates that reducing body fat percentage—particularly visceral fat—while maintaining skeletal muscle mass plays a pivotal mediating role in how dietary interventions lower the risk of diabetes in older adults. This study suggests that future efforts should focus on shifting metabolic management in the older population from the traditional "broad weight loss" approach to "refined regulation of body composition," and establishing a grassroots precision nutrition intervention mechanism oriented towards regulating body fat and protecting muscle.

Childhood obesity is rapidly emerging as one of China's most serious public health challenges. In recent decades, the prevalence of childhood obesity has increased rapidly, now affecting approximately 19.0% of school-aged children in China. This review explores the factors underlying this trend, focusing on a unique cultural dynamic: the heavy reliance on grandparents for childcare. Specifically, it investigates how the trauma of the Great Chinese Famine (1959-1961) shaped the caregiving behaviors of the older generation. For many grandparents who survived the famine, a chubby child is perceived as a sign of health, wealth, and proper care. Consequently, they often overfeed their grandchildren and restrict their physical activity. The review finds that being raised primarily by grandparents is a major independent risk factor for childhood obesity, leading to higher rates of early-onset health issues like hypertension. The paper also examines the CHIRPY DRAGON intervention model, which shows that public health programs can succeed only if they actively engage with grandparents and directly confrot these deep-rooted beliefs.

Screen-based electronic products have become an indispensable part of modern daily life. Using mobile phones, tablets and similar devices before bedtime has evolved into a common habit across all age groups worldwide. Based on epidemiological investigations, sleep scale statistics and human physiological monitoring data, this paper discusses various adverse effects caused by improper use of electronic devices at night. Data indicate that prolonged pre-bed screen exposure delays sleep onset and reduces total sleep duration. It also disturbs natural sleep rhythms and triggers daytime fatigue as well as emotional fluctuations. Drawing on existing findings in photophysiology, neuroscience and behavioral psychology, this study identifies three major influencing pathways. Short-wavelength blue light emitted by screens interferes with the synthesis and secretion of melatonin. Audiovisual content on digital platforms tends to keep the nervous system in a constant state of excitement. Irregular electronic device consumption gradually breaks the body's stable circadian rhythm. This study proposes targeted interventions in three areas, including personal behavioral constraints, equipment and environmental optimization, and long-term lifestyle cultivation.

Here, we summarize available data on mechanisms by which the gut microbiota may affect immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and discuss potential therapeutic approaches targeting the microbiota. Gut microbiota could affect both antitumor immunity and immune-related toxicities through orchestration of the mucosal and systemic immune response, altering the abundance of functionally relevant taxa, changing community diversity, producing immunomodulatory metabolites, which leads to immunomodulation, inducing innate immunity, modulating adaptive immunity by activation of pattern-recognition pathways, as well as affecting organ crosstalk such as the gut-lung axis, etc. Based on studies of Akkermansia, Bacteroides, short-chain fatty acids, inosine, tryptophan metabolites, or fecal microbiota transplantation, it seems possible that modulating the microbiome could improve response rates to ICI therapy, reduce off-target toxicity, and enable more individualized cancer immunotherapy.

Severe dermal injuries present significant clinical challenges due to delayed healing, infection, and fibrotic scarring. While hydrogels provide three-dimensional matrices that mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM), conventional statically crosslinked systems fail to replicate the dynamic viscoelasticity of native tissue. Schiff base hydrogels, crosslinked via reversible covalent imine bonds, address this limitation by exhibiting stress relaxation, shear-thinning injectability, and autonomous self-healing under physiological conditions. At the cellular level, these dynamic biophysical properties modulate integrin-mediated focal adhesion dynamics and YAP/TAZ nuclear translocation, directing stem cell spreading, migration, and lineage specification. In vivo studies demonstrate that Schiff base matrices enhance cell retention within the wound bed, promote re-epithelialization, and drive CD31/CD34-mediated neovascularization in chronic and ischemic wound models. Furthermore, tuning the hydrolysis kinetics of the dynamic imine linkages synchronizes matrix degradation with endogenous tissue ingrowth, facilitating organized collagen deposition and functional tissue restoration. Integrating dynamic covalent networks with bioactive signaling molecules provides a robust strategy for advanced skin regeneration.

Urban young adults, despite being digital natives, often exhibit low compliance with vaccination and routine medical examinations due to lifestyle factors and procrastination. Digital interventions offer promising avenues to bridge this gap, yet their collective efficacy for this specific population remains insufficiently synthesized. To systematically review and evaluate the effectiveness of various digital strategies in improving compliance with vaccination and routine health check-ups among urban young adults. A systematic search was conducted in the PubMed database, following the PRISMA guidelines. Studies evaluating digital interventions targeted at urban young adults (aged 18-35 years) to promote immunization or routine screening were included. Results show that a total of 24,650 studies met the inclusion criteria, encompassing a combined sample size of 18 participants. This paper finds that digital strategies, particularly personalized digital reminders and interactive social media interventions, demonstrate substantial efficacy in enhancing vaccination and routine check-up compliance among urban young adults. Future public health policies should systematically integrate tailored digital tools into urban healthcare systems to optimize preventative care delivery.

Photocaging converts a functional molecule into a latent derivative by installing a photoremovable protecting group that can be cleaved by irradiation. The strategy links molecular synthesis with optical control, allowing chemical reactivity, biological activity, and material function to be initiated at defined positions and times. Its development has moved from ultraviolet responsive o-nitrobenzyl systems toward chromophores that absorb visible or near-infrared light, release diverse cargoes, and tolerate aqueous or cellular environments. This review summarizes the chemical principles that govern photocage design, including excited-state pathways, bond scission mechanisms, photophysical parameters, wavelength selectivity, and synthetic methods for conjugating cage structures to alcohols, phenols, amines, thiols, carboxylates, phosphates, and coordinating heteroatoms. Emphasis is placed on how chromophore engineering, leaving-group control, solubilizing substituents, and metal-complex platforms have improved uncaging efficiency and application scope. Representative uses in small-molecule release and biological spatiotemporal regulation are discussed to connect molecular design with performance validation.

In the last two decades, surgical robots have moved from specialized platforms to widely used tools in minimally invasive surgery. Their performance increasingly depends on visual navigation, because intraoperative images connect tissue perception, spatial localization, and motion control. Recent work has focused on how cameras, ultrasound, CT/MRI-derived models, optical tracking, and learning-based image analysis can be combined under the time pressure and uncertainty of the operating room. The discussion covers visual perception, multimodal imaging, segmentation, target recognition, three-dimensional reconstruction, image registration, real-time tracking, and vision-guided control in surgical robotics. Particular attention is given to the technical bottlenecks created by occlusion, specular reflection, tissue deformation, limited field of view, calibration drift, and data scarcity. The reviewed evidence shows that visual navigation is most useful when perception outputs are tightly linked to registration accuracy, safety constraints, and closed-loop control rather than treated as isolated image-processing results. Future progress will depend on more robust multimodal fusion, clinically reliable validation, safer intelligent control, and better integration of visual and haptic feedback in dynamic surgical scenes.

To review the research and application status of digital therapy interventions for improving communication skills in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and to provide evidence‑based references for clinical practice.Following the PRISMA guidelines,we searched eight electronic databases for relevant records from their inception through March 2026. The search strategy used Boolean operators with both subject headings and freetext terms,and we also checked the reference lists of eligible studies by hand. Twentyone randomized controlled trials were included. Across these studies,digital therapy interventions shared several recurring features: teaching basic skills,providing key skills training,offering gamified and immersive practice,empowering and training caregivers,using datadriven feedback to make individualized adjustments,and enabling remote collaboration with professionals. Outcome assessments focused mainly on core ASD symptoms. The trial data suggests that digital therapy may improve emotion recognition,social responsiveness,and cognitive flexibility in children with ASD,while also showing good feasibility and acceptability. Taken together,these findings indicate that digital therapeutic approaches may help reduce core symptoms and improve related functional outcomes in this population.